Infertility is a condition where a couple is unable to
conceive after one year of regular, unprotected intercourse. It can result from
reproductive health issues in either partner. Understanding what causes
infertility and the factors contributing to male infertility and female
infertility can help in seeking timely treatment.
What Causes Infertility?
Infertility occurs due to various medical, genetic,
lifestyle, and environmental factors. It can affect both men and women, leading
to challenges in natural conception. The primary causes of infertility can be
categorized into male and female factors.
Male Infertility: Causes and Factors
Male infertility accounts for nearly 40–50% of
infertility cases. The major infertility
causes in males include:
✔ Low Sperm Count
(Oligospermia): Fewer sperm reduce the chances of fertilization.
✔ Poor Sperm Motility (Asthenospermia): Sperm
that cannot swim properly struggle to reach the egg.
✔ Abnormal Sperm Morphology: Misshapen sperm
may not fertilize an egg successfully.
✔ Hormonal Imbalances: Low testosterone or
other hormonal issues can reduce sperm production.
✔ Obstructions in the Reproductive Tract:
Blocked ducts prevent sperm from being ejaculated.
✔ Lifestyle and Environmental Factors:
Smoking, alcohol, obesity, stress, and exposure to toxins can harm sperm
health.
Female Infertility: Common Causes
Female infertility is often linked to ovulation disorders,
structural issues, or medical conditions affecting reproductive health. Some
common causes
of infertility in women include:
✔ Ovulation Disorders:
Conditions like Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) or hormonal imbalances prevent
egg release.
✔ Blocked Fallopian Tubes: Infections,
endometriosis, or previous surgeries can cause blockages, hindering
fertilization.
✔ Endometriosis: Tissue growing outside the
uterus can affect implantation and cause severe pain.
✔ Uterine Fibroids: Noncancerous growths in
the uterus may interfere with pregnancy.
✔ Age-Related Decline: Fertility decreases
after 35 due to lower egg quality and quantity.
✔ Lifestyle and Medical Conditions: Obesity,
smoking, excessive alcohol intake, thyroid disorders, and diabetes can impact
fertility.
Conclusion
Infertility is a complex issue with various underlying causes. However, with medical advancements like IVF, ICSI, and hormonal treatments, couples struggling with infertility have hope. Understanding what causes infertility and addressing male infertility and female infertility factors can improve the chances of conception. Seeking help from fertility specialists is the first step toward parenthood.
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